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<a id="cb_post_title_url" class="postTitle2" href="https://www.cnblogs.com/apollo1616/p/9510322.html">python中os模块函数方法详解最全最新</a>

        </h1>
        <div class="post">
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<div id="cnblogs_post_body" class="blogpost-body ">
    <p>os.getcwd()</p>
<p>获取当前工作目录，即当前python脚本工作的目录路径</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">import</span><span style="color: #000000;"> os
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.getcwd())</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.chdir("dirname")&nbsp;</p>
<p>改变当前脚本工作目录；相当于shell下cd</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>os.chdir(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">E:\Python学习</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>)  <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 这里输入你要进入的文件夹路径</span>
<span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.getcwd()) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 打印验证即可</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.curdir&nbsp;</p>
<p>返回当前目录: ('.')</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #000000;">os.curdir 
</span><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.getcwd())</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.pardir&nbsp;</p>
<p>获取当前目录的父目录字符串名：('..')</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>os.pardir  # 先欠着一个,后续找到详细的更新上</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.makedirs('dirname1/dirname2')&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>
<p>可生成多层递归目录</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.makedirs(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">a\\b\c</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>)) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> b前面2个\\,是因为\b有特殊意义,需要转义<br />#执行这句代码,就会生成3个文件夹,如下图:</span></pre>
</div>
<p><img src="https://images2018.cnblogs.com/blog/1445976/201808/1445976-20180821093919802-432441262.png" alt="" /></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.removedirs('dirname1')</p>
<p>若目录为空，则删除，并递归到上一级目录，如若也为空，则删除，依此类推</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.removedirs(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">a\\b\c</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)) 
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> b前面2个\\,是因为\b有特殊意义,需要转义</span><span style="color: #008000;">
#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 刚才上面创建的3个文件,通过这个命令就可以直接删除</span></pre>
</div>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;">注:makedirs()和removedirs()是一组相反的函数,一个创建一个删除(针对多个层级文件操作)</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.mkdir('dirname')</p>
<p>生成单级目录；相当于shell中mkdir dirname</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.mkdir(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>)) # 创建一个名字为 a 的文件夹</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.rmdir('dirname')</p>
<p>删除单级空目录，若目录不为空则无法删除，报错；相当于shell中rmdir dirname</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.rmdir(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">a</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>)) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 删除一个名为 a 的文件夹</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p><span style="color: #000000;">os.remove()&nbsp; 删除一个文件</span></p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.remove())</pre>
</div>
<p><span style="color: #ff0000;">注:mkdir()和remove()是一组相反的函数,一个创建一个删除(针对单个层级文件操作)</span></p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.listdir('dirname')</p>
<p>列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录，包括隐藏文件，并以列表方式打印</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.listdir()) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 默认是打印当前文件夹所有文件夹及文件</span></pre>
</div>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.listdir(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">E:\Python</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>)) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 打印E盘python文件下的所有</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.rename("oldname","newname")&nbsp; </p>
<p>重命名文件/目录</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>os.rename(<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">oldname</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>,<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">newname</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>) </pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.stat('path/filename') </p>
<p>获取文件/目录信息</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.stat(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">E:\Python</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)) # </span>E:\Python , 我的路径</pre>
<pre><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">打印结果:os.stat_result(st_mode=16895, st_ino=3096224743818679, st_dev=1789307272, <br />　　　　　　st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=4096, st_atime=1531755221, <br />　　　　　　st_mtime=1531755221, st_ctime=1531628662)</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.sep </p>
<p>输出操作系统特定的路径分隔符，win下为"\\",Linux下为"/"</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.sep)<br /># 我在Windows上的pycharm运行结果:\</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.linesep </p>
<p>输出当前平台使用的行终止符，win下为"\t\n",Linux下为"\n"</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>os.linesep</pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.pathsep </p>
<p>输出用于分割文件路径的字符串 win下为; , Linux下为:</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span>(os.pathsep) <span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;">直接打印这个命令就可以看,</span><span style="color: #008000;">
#</span><span style="color: #008000;">打印结果&gt;&gt;&gt; ; 就是&gt;&gt;&gt;后面的分号</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.name </p>
<p>输出字符串指示当前使用平台。win-&gt;'nt'; Linux-&gt;'posix'</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(os.name)
打印结果:nt</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.system("bash command") </p>
<p>运行shell命令，直接显示</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre>os.system(<span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">dir</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008000;">#</span><span style="color: #008000;"> 打印结果:</span>
<span style="color: #800000;">'''</span><span style="color: #800000;">
根据电脑内文件不同,打印略有不同
 E:\Pythonѧϰ\ ��Ŀ&frac14;

2018-08-21  10:03    &lt;DIR&gt;          .
2018-08-21  10:03    &lt;DIR&gt;          ..
2018-07-16  14:27             5,477 01 ���&ntilde;ʼ�
2018-07-16  13:14               201 02 timeʱ��ģ��.py
2018-07-16  16:15               789 03 randomģ��.py
2018-08-21  10:03             3,693 04 osģ��.py
2018-08-20  12:41               587 05 sysģ��.py
2018-07-16  16:56             5,349 06 ���л�ģ��.py
2018-07-16  21:08             3,805 07 ������.py
2018-07-26  07:48               528 08 ������ֵװ����.py
               8 ���ļ�         20,429 �ֽ�
               2 ��Ŀ&frac14; 57,903,874,048 �����ֽ�

Process finished with exit code 0</span><span style="color: #800000;">'''</span></pre>
</div>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>os.environ </p>
<p>获取系统环境变量</p>
<div class="cnblogs_code">
<pre><span style="color: #0000ff;">print</span><span style="color: #000000;">(os.environ)

打印结果:
environ({</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">ALLUSERSPROFILE</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\ProgramData</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">APPDATA</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">COMMONPROGRAMFILES</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Program Files\\Common Files</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">COMMONPROGRAMW6432</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Program Files\\Common Files</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">COMPUTERNAME</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">WANGHUA</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">COMSPEC</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">FP_NO_HOST_CHECK</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">NO</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">HOMEDRIVE</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">HOMEPATH</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">\\Users\\Administrator</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">LNKENV</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming\\360se6\\Application\\360se.exe</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">LOCALAPPDATA</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">LOGONSERVER</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">\\\\WANGHUA</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">4</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">OS</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Windows_NT</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PATH</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">D:\\Program Files\\Python36\\Scripts\\;D:\\Program Files\\Python36\\;C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Program Files (x86)\\NVIDIA Corporation\\PhysX\\Common;</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PATHEXT</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.PY;.PYW</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">AMD64</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Intel64 Family 6 Model 61 Stepping 4, GenuineIntel</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROCESSOR_LEVEL</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">6</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROCESSOR_REVISION</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">3d04</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROGRAMDATA</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\ProgramData</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROGRAMFILES</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Program Files</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROGRAMFILES(X86)</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Program Files (x86)</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PROGRAMW6432</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Program Files</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PSMODULEPATH</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PUBLIC</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Users\\Public</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PYCHARM_HOSTED</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PYCHARM_MATPLOTLIB_PORT</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">50087</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PYTHONIOENCODING</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">UTF-8</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PYTHONPATH</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">D:\\Program Files\\JetBrains\\PyCharm 2018.1.4\\helpers\\pycharm_matplotlib_backend;E:\\Python学习</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">PYTHONUNBUFFERED</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">SESSIONNAME</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Console</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">SYSTEMDRIVE</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">SYSTEMROOT</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Windows</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">TEMP</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">TMP</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">USERDOMAIN</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">WANGHUA</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">USERNAME</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">Administrator</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">USERPROFILE</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Users\\Administrator</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">VBOX_MSI_INSTALL_PATH</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Program Files\\Oracle\\VirtualBox\\</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">WINDIR</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\Windows</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">WINDOWS_TRACING_FLAGS</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">3</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">WINDOWS_TRACING_LOGFILE</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">C:\\BVTBin\\Tests\\installpackage\\csilogfile.log</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>, <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">_DFX_INSTALL_UNSIGNED_DRIVER</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>: <span style="color: #800000;">'</span><span style="color: #800000;">1</span><span style="color: #800000;">'</span>})</pre>
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